Consider a brand, say Colgate. How much would it cost to create a brand with similar turnover, profitability, distribution reach, brand loyalty, etc. This cost is its brand equity.
Historical Costs: This is the money that has been spent on the brand till date. Suppose Rs.100 million have bean spent so far creating a brand called ‘X’. The value at which the brand can be sold to another organization…
Knowledge of levels of brand awareness is lacking. There is no feel for whether a recognition problem exists among any segment. Knowledge is lacking as to top-of-mind recall that the brand is getting, and how that has been changing.
One Sunday in 1879, Harley Procter, one of the founders of candle and soap firm P & G, heard sermon based on the Forty-fifth Psalm, “ All the garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, an cassia, out of ivory palaces.”…
At the top of the pyramid is the brand that exists at the top of the customer’s mind. This is the happy and the most desired condition that any marketer seeks.
David Ogilvy defines brands as “the intangible sum of a product’s attributes: its name, packaging, and price, its history, its reputation, and the way it’s advertised.”Kotler defines brands as “A brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design or…
Role of Brands In a world where products, markets, and industry boundaries are in flux, a well-managed brand can be a prime source of strategic direction and competitive advantage. Today branding is such a strong force that anything from salt…
The world is rapidly shrinking with the advent of faster communication, transportation and financial flows. Products developed in one country – Mont Blanc pens, McDonalds, BMW’s – are finding enthusiastic acceptance in other countries. A German businessman may wear an…